Background: Over the past two decades, myoelectric signals have been extensively used in rehabilitation technology and hybrid human-machine interfaces. A key challenge in creating self-engineered, cost-effective devices lies in acquiring reliable and accurate myoelectric signals. Additionally, identifying optimal anatomical sites for signal detection remains complex and is addressed in this study. Method: This applied research aims to tackle the outlined challenges through technological development and experimental testing. A Multi-Threading-based Queuing (MTQ) approach is proposed for real-time display and recording of muscle activity within a low-cost, multi-channel surface electromyography (sEMG) system. The technique was tested using raw (R) and feature (F) datasets via specialized classifiers to categorize sEMG signals from the silent utterance of English vowels captured from three facial muscles of a single healthy volunteer. Results: The proposed low-cost sEMG data acquisition technique, utilizing MTQ, achieved a mean classification accuracy of 0.91 for both R and F datasets, surpassing previous techniques for English vowel classification. Model 4, paired with low-cost hardware, attained a remarkable mean accuracy of 0.94, showing improvements between 14.6% and 74.07% over prior studies. Conclusion: The MTQ technique significantly enhances performance compared to existing configurations, suggesting that cost-effective sEMG data acquisition systems could replace commercial hardware in rehabilitation and human-machine interface applications.

In this work, a useful equipment for recording and analysing of random processes was developed based on field programmable gate array (FPGA). The system covers a range of different applications in the nuclear fields of study. The system is potentially applicable for zero power reactor noise analysis, time coincidence of stochastic events, dead time estimation, and probability distribution function of random processes. The designed and constructed system was tested and validated by generated pseudorandom processes. Some of the basic analysing methods of random processes were checked and verified experimentally. As the performance of the system depends on the hardware, the designed architecture is implemented on a typical system. The best performance is reported in the text.

In order to control greenhouse environment, a computer-based control and monitoring system was designed and implemented. Performance of the system was evaluated by installing it in a constructed model greenhouse. The greenhouse has a floor area of 8m2, covered with 200 ?m polyethylene film. The set of experiments were carried out during December 2003 in the city of Karaj. The simulation results achieved for the air temperature and relative humidity are shown. The results indicate that the outside temperature is always less than the inside one, because the solar radiation entered the greenhouse through transparent plastic. This is a further confirmation of greenhouse effect. The fluctuations in temperature inside the model greenhouse during observation time were recorded. These fluctuations were affected by natural conditions such as surface evaporation within the greenhouse, solar radiation and ambient temperature and weather changes. Also, it was found that the rate of change of temperature in the upper part, i.e. near the plastic cover, is higher than that of the height of plants. This rise of vertical temperature is due to receiving solar incident radiation.

Incremental increasing use of the electrical energy and restructuring the power networks and the problems that they have been brought with them, cause increased the power operator’s interest to use of WAMS instead of SCADA. One of the main issues in the WAMS is the cost reduction of the optimal placement of PMU and correlated communication infrastructure. In this paper, a new method is presented for WAMS designing, with the aim of cost reduction. For this purpose, the greedy algorithm is used for optimal placement of PMUs and simultaneously, with the use of the Bellman-Ford algorithm, minimum communication infrastructure is designed so that the total cost of WAMS designing is reduced. Also the optimum location of the PDC is determined with the Bellman-Ford algorithm. This method is proposed in the normal operation condition and also in N-1 contingency conditions ( e.g. a single PMU loss and a single line outage). Simulations are conducted on the IEEE 30- and 118-bus power networks and the 230kv and 400kv of the Isfahan power network. Simulation results show good performance of the proposed method.

This research uses the portable HPGe and NaI(Tl) detectors for Compton continuum suppression. In the List mode data acquisition technique, we did not use timing module and complicated experimental setup that recorded the time stamp of each event. The maximum suppression factor (SF) in Cs-137 point source was 3. 8. By using this technique, we can detect samples that contain very low radioactivity. The experimental setup in this research was based on analog nuclear electronic modules. The study's main goal was the ability of list-mode data acquisition in Compton continuum suppression. In this way, lower levels of radioactivity can be detected in any sample.

The goal of this paper is to describe a simple method for the automated data acquisition and analysis of data taken by programmable instruments. Device controls and communication method are explained and some typical illustrative examples showing the potential applications of the method in real experiments are presented. This method offers a quick and flexible way to control many instruments by using a multi-device arrangement of a stacking method in a parallel operation. The General-Purpose Interface Bus (GPIB) is used here for remote control of the devices. By using Excel and Visa interactive programs and using GPIB interface, easy communication and data transfer between instruments and a PC is accomplished. A special probe system is devised for the small resistant measuring experiments and the DC resistance measurements are performed by using the four-probe method. The related temperatures are measured by using a silicone diode as a resistance thermometer detector. Using this data acquisition method, short circuit voltage measurement, resistance measurements and the temperature dependence of resistance for a thin platinum wire are reported.

In the current seismic data acquisition techniques, sources are fired with large time intervals in order to avoid interferences between the responses of successively firing sources, measured by the receivers. This leads to a time-consuming and expensive survey. Theoretically the waiting time between two successively firing sources has to be infinite, since the wavefield never vanishes completely. However, in practice this waiting time varies from a few seconds (s) up to 30 s. This means that the source responses are negligible after the waiting time. As an example, within the time interval of 200 s, 40 source locations can be fired with 5 s waiting time, or 20 source locations can be fired with 10 s waiting time. Since decision making at the business level are usually based on minimizing the acquisition costs, the source domain is usually poorly sampled to limit the survey duration, causing spatial aliasing (Mahdad, 2011). On the other hand, modifying the waiting times brings flexibility in the source sampling and the survey time. The concept of simultaneous or blended acquisition is to address the aforementioned issues by either reducing the waiting time between firing sources, leading to reduced acquisition costs, or by increasing the number of sources within the same survey time, leading to a higher data quality. Note that a combination of the two approaches combines these benefits. The price paid for achieving higher data quality at lower acquisition cost is dealing with the interfered data, called blended data, which are acquired in the blended acquisition. But in order to precede further processing and imaging algorithms, one needs to first breakdown the blended data into its original components (single source responses) by a processing step called deblending. It is a try to retrieve the data as if they were acquired in a conventional, unblended way. In this paper, we introduce the concept of simultaneous acquisition and examine three methods of deblending:1) The least-squares method (Pseudo-deblending) which perfectly predicts the blended data but its solution suffers from the interference noises related to the interfering sources in the observations, the so called blending noises (crosstalk noises). These noises have different characteristics in different domains of the data. For example, in the common-mid-point (CMP) domain they are incoherent and spike-like and thus can be tackled by a denoising algorithm.2) Noise attenuation by multidirectional vector-median filter (MD-VMF). It is a generalization of the well-known conventional median filter from a scalar implementation to a vector form. More specifically, a vector median filter is applied in many trial directions and then the median vector is selected.3) Regularization of deblending operator matrix. Deblending is by itself an underdetermined and thus ill-posed problem; meaning that, there are infinitely many solutions for the deblending problem. Therefore, constraints are necessary to solve it. A possible way is spatially band-limiting constraints which are useful when the sources are densely sampled. It has been shown that under such constraints, the deblending operator matrix can be regularized to form a well behaved direct deblending operator.Finally, by observing the wavefield from deblended synthetic and field data we conclude that, regularization of the belending operator matrix is reliable because of its accuracy in noise attenuation and keep the signal and speed of the algorithm.

This article analyses different design issues of digital to analog interfacing for the uplink of a mobile communication system with smart antennas in the context of third generation (3G) mobile communication systems. The work initially targets a smart antenna test bed with non-real time processing, but the results can be employed for both real time and none-real time cases. The article also presents the novel idea of calculating the required quantization levels based on the combination of clipping and quantization noise.